Генезис жанра портрета в белорусской станковой живописи первой половины XIX века

Abstract

В статье рассматривается генезис портретного жанра в станковой живописи Беларуси первой половины XIX века. В этот период наблюдается интенсивное развитие портрета, он сохраняет свое ведущее место в кругу жанров станковой живописи. В начале XIX века получила решение проблема создания в регионе системы художественного образования, при Виленском университете были сформированы кафедры живописи и рисунка, гравюры и скульптуры, где студенты получали серьезную профессиональную подготовку. Его питомцами явился целый ряд талантливых белорусских живописцев и графиков: Я. Дамель, И. Олешкевич, В. Ванькович, Н. Орда, А. Шемеш, Г. и В. Дмаховские и другие. = Genesis of the genre of portrait in the early XIX century Belarusian easel painting is considered in the article. In this period intensive development of portrait is observed, it keeps its leading place among easel painting genres. In the early XIX century the issue of creating a system of art education in the Region was solved; Departments of Painting and Drawing, Print and Sculpture were set up at Vilno University where students got substantial professional training. A number of talented Belarusian painters and graphic artists like Ya. Damel, I. Oleshkevich, V. Vankovich, N. Orda, A. Shemesh, G. and V. Dmakhovski and others were the students. Apart from nobility the clients were more and more often salesmen and clergymen. The painters addressed the issues of secular topics and strived to depict images of their contemporaries. Professional skill and high painting culture made it possible for them to create deeply realistic and spiritually rich human characters. From classical and romantic portraits by Ya. Damel, V. Vankovich and I. Oleshkevich Belarusian painters gradually moved to socially urgent works, in which images of ordinary people were reflected.